Family life shapes and is shaped by the exosystem influences (extended family, workplace, mass media, health services, and neighbors). Child development and parent–child interactions (microsystem) are embedded in a mesosystem of a broader contexts (nuclear family, school, peers, neighborhood, and so on). The ecological systems theory, developed by Bronfenbrenner (1979), focuses and underlines the importance of the environment in children’s lives and development, stressing person-context interrelatedness. In perspective of Vygotsky (1978), the learning process can be synthetized as follow: in the first phase children interact with others, then they integrate the obtained data from the social interaction into their mental structure.Ĭhess, beyond the rules that it implies and the game strategies used, is a continuous interaction between the two players, as well as with the immediate environment in which the competition is taking place. This theory focus on the interaction between individuals and the culture in their environment, interaction which exerts an important role in children’s cognitive development. Vygotsky (1978) considers that cultural development (as opposed to natural development) is associated with language and reasoning capability. We consider that these theories are adequate to analyze our topic, because parents shape the child’s first developmental environment, characterized by significant interactions and influences, over a long period of time.Īccording to sociocultural theory of child development of Vygotsky (1978), human learning is primarily a social process and the initiation of human intelligence takes place in society or culture. Theories of human development that take into account the social-cultural influences on child development process are connected with authors like Vygotsky (1978) and Bronfenbrenner (1979).

Regarding the external factors, we can underline that social environment comprises important aspects that support the understanding of child development process. Nowadays, research related to optimal child development is a traditional and yet topical, interdisciplinary field, concerned with the internal and external factors that help children develop and improve their ability to become successful youth and adults, to conduct to a successful life. In post-modern societies, concerns for the quality of offspring are widespread among parents compared to other macrosocial contexts.

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